{"id":8966,"date":"2024-04-12T07:30:58","date_gmt":"2024-04-12T07:30:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/musilda.cz\/?p=8966"},"modified":"2024-04-12T07:30:58","modified_gmt":"2024-04-12T07:30:58","slug":"co-znamena-zranitelnost-v-tematech-a-pluginech-wordpressu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/affinite.io\/cs\/co-znamena-zranitelnost-v-tematech-a-pluginech-wordpressu\/","title":{"rendered":"Co znamen\u00e1 zranitelnost v t\u00e9matech a pluginech WordPressu"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

V dne\u0161n\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku se zam\u011b\u0159\u00edme na nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e1 potencion\u00e1ln\u00ed rizika napaden\u00ed <\/strong>ve WordPressu <\/strong>z pohledu \u0161ablony a plugin\u016f. WordPress je obl\u00edben\u00fd mezi \u00fato\u010dn\u00edky p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm kv\u016fli jeho \u010dast\u00e9mu pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed (a\u017e 43.1%<\/strong> v\u0161ech web\u016f pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 WordPress!). P\u0159i v\u00fdskytu chyby v zabezpe\u010den\u00ed na sebe \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk nenech\u00e1 \u010dekat, a m\u016f\u017ee snadno napadnout n\u00e1\u0161 web. \u00datoky se mohou projevovat r\u016fzn\u011b (n\u011bkdy ani nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt napaden\u00ed viditeln\u00e9 na prvn\u00ed pohled).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pro minimalizaci t\u011bchto hrozeb je nezbytn\u00e9 m\u00edt ve WordPressu co mo\u017en\u00e1 nejmen\u0161\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed plugin\u016f<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 by m\u011bli b\u00fdt z ov\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch zdroj\u016f<\/strong>, a stejn\u011b jako \u0161ablony pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u011b aktualizovan\u00e9<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Co je zranitelnost?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Zranitelnost signalizuje ur\u010ditou slabinu<\/strong>, chybu <\/strong>v syst\u00e9mu, nebo n\u011bjakou bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed hrozbu<\/strong>, kterou mohou \u00fato\u010dn\u00edci zneu\u017e\u00edt a ohrozit t\u00edm bezpe\u010dnost cel\u00e9ho WordPressu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zranitelnosti syst\u00e9mu mohou vzniknout hned z n\u011bkolika d\u016fvod\u016f, mezi kter\u00e9 pat\u0159\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad chyby <\/strong>v programov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong>, nespr\u00e1vn\u00e1 konfigurace<\/strong>, nebo konstruk\u010dn\u00ed chyby<\/strong>, kv\u016fli kter\u00fdm je syst\u00e9m n\u00e1chyln\u00fd k neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9mu p\u0159\u00edstupu, \u00faniku citliv\u00fdch dat, nebo jin\u00fdm \u0161kodliv\u00fdm \u010dinnostem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tyto slabiny je vhodn\u00e9 co nejrychleji identifikovat a odstranit d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e dojde k napaden\u00ed syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Co je zranitelnost v t\u00e9matech a pluginech WordPressu?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0160ablony a pluginy b\u00fdvaj\u00ed nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edm ter\u010dem mezi \u00fato\u010dn\u00edky, proto\u017ee \u0161patn\u011b nak\u00f3dovan\u00fd plugin m\u016f\u017ee obsahovat hned n\u011bkolik bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch d\u011br (jako je SQL injection, cross-site scripting (XSS), vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 spou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed k\u00f3du, nezabezpe\u010den\u00e9 nahr\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed soubor\u016f…).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuto zranitelnost ve WordPressu pak mohou \u00fato\u010dn\u00edci zneu\u017e\u00edt k z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu, vlo\u017een\u00ed \u0161kodliv\u00e9ho k\u00f3du, kr\u00e1de\u017ei citliv\u00fdch dat nebo naru\u0161en\u00ed funk\u010dnosti webu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vzhledem k \u010dast\u00fdm aktualizac\u00edm WordPressu je pot\u0159eba pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u011b kontrolovat zp\u011btnou kompatibilitu se v\u0161emi pluginy a \u0161ablonou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jak zranitelnosti plugin\u016f a \u0161ablon vznikaj\u00ed?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Tyto zranitelnosti mohou vzniknout v d\u016fsledku hned n\u011bkolika faktor\u016f, mezi kter\u00e9 pat\u0159\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad chyby v k\u00f3du, nedostatek bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed a nedostate\u010dn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00ed\u017ee si uk\u00e1\u017eeme, jak se tyto chyby v zabezpe\u010den\u00ed mohou objevit:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rizika t\u0159et\u00ed strany<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

N\u011bkter\u00e9 pluginy a \u0161ablony mohou b\u00fdt z\u00e1visl\u00e9 na knihovn\u00e1ch, nebo slu\u017eb\u00e1ch t\u0159et\u00edch stran<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 zvy\u0161uj\u00ed riziko <\/strong>zanesen\u00ed \u0161kodliv\u00e9ho k\u00f3du.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nedostatek bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch postup\u016f p\u0159i v\u00fdvoji<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ne v\u017edy v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i p\u0159i v\u00fdvoji plugin\u016f a motiv\u016f dodr\u017euj\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 postupy bezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho k\u00f3dov\u00e1n\u00ed! To m\u016f\u017ee zahrnovat nedostate\u010dn\u00e9 zabr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed vkl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed SQL<\/strong>, nezabezpe\u010den\u00ed<\/strong> vstupu <\/strong>a v\u00fdstupu<\/strong>, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo \u00fatok\u016fm XSS<\/strong>…. Bez t\u011bchto praktik se k\u00f3d st\u00e1v\u00e1 n\u00e1chyln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm ke zranitelnostem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chyby v k\u00f3du<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159i v\u00fdvoji plugin\u016f a motiv\u016f mohou v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i ne\u00famysln\u011b vytvo\u0159it chyby <\/strong>v k\u00f3du<\/strong>. Tyto chyby mohou zahrnovat p\u0159epln\u011bn\u00ed <\/strong>vyrovn\u00e1vac\u00ed pam\u011bti<\/strong>, chyby <\/strong>v zabezpe\u010den\u00ed vkl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed SQL<\/strong>, skriptov\u00e1n\u00ed mezi weby (XSS<\/strong>) a dal\u0161\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 probl\u00e9my se zabezpe\u010den\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Druhy zranitelnost\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

SQLi <\/strong>– SQL Injection – vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 spou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed \u0161kodliv\u00e9ho k\u00f3du
XSS <\/strong>– Cross-Site Scripting
RCE<\/strong> – Remote Code Execution
CSRF <\/strong>– Cross-Site Request Forgery
FIV <\/strong>– File Inclusion Vulnerabilities<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SQLi – SQL Injection<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

K chyb\u00e1m doch\u00e1z\u00ed tehdy, kdy\u017e mohou \u00fato\u010dn\u00edci manipulovat s dotazy SQL prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00fdmi datab\u00e1z\u00ed webu. To jim dok\u00e1\u017ee umo\u017enit extrahovat nebo upravovat citliv\u00e1 data, prov\u00e1d\u011bt administrativn\u00ed akce, nebo p\u0159evz\u00edt kontrolu nad celou datab\u00e1z\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

XSS – Cross-Site Scripting<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Chyby zabezpe\u010den\u00ed XSS umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk\u016fm vkl\u00e1dat \u0161kodliv\u00e9 skripty do webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek prohl\u00ed\u017een\u00fdch jin\u00fdmi u\u017eivateli. To m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k r\u016fzn\u00fdm \u00fatok\u016fm, jako je p\u0159esm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u016f na \u0161kodliv\u00e9 weby, nebo dal\u0161\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 znehodnocen\u00ed webu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

RCE – Remote Code Execution<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Chyby RCE umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk\u016fm spou\u0161t\u011bt libovoln\u00fd k\u00f3d na stran\u011b serveru, kter\u00fd hostuje WordPress web. To m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k \u00fapln\u00e9 kontrole nad serverem a tak\u00e9 k dal\u0161\u00edm potencion\u00e1ln\u00edm \u00fatok\u016fm, jako je nastaven\u00ed zadn\u00edch vr\u00e1tek, nebo kr\u00e1de\u017e citliv\u00fdch informac\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

CSRF – Cross-Site Request Forgery<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Chyby CSRF umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk\u016fm p\u0159im\u011bt u\u017eivatele, aby nev\u011bdom\u011b provedli \u0161kodliv\u00e9 akce ve webov\u00e9 aplikaci, ve kter\u00e9 jsou autentizov\u00e1ni. To m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fdm akc\u00edm prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00fdm jm\u00e9nem dan\u00e9ho u\u017eivatele (r\u016fzn\u00e9 zm\u011bny nastaven\u00ed…).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

FIV – File Inclusion Vulnerabilities<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

K chyb\u00e1m zabezpe\u010den\u00ed vkl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed soubor\u016f doch\u00e1z\u00ed, kdy\u017e aplikace dynamicky zahrnuje soubor p\u0159i vstupu bez \u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9ho ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed. \u00dato\u010dn\u00edci mohou tuto chybu zabezpe\u010den\u00ed zneu\u017e\u00edt k zahrnut\u00ed libovoln\u00fdch soubor\u016f, co\u017e vede k neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9mu p\u0159\u00edstupu, nebo spou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed \u0161kodliv\u00e9ho k\u00f3du.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Abychom alespo\u0148 z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti p\u0159ede\u0161li<\/strong> t\u011bmto rizik\u016fm<\/strong>, mus\u00edme n\u00e1\u0161 web ve WordPressu \u0159\u00e1dn\u011b zabezpe\u010dit<\/strong>. S t\u00edm by dok\u00e1zal pomoci „Velk\u00fd pr\u016fvodce bezpe\u010dnosti WordPress<\/strong>u<\/a>„, ve kter\u00e9m lze naj\u00edt ve\u0161ker\u00e9 tipy na zabezpe\u010den\u00ed WordPressu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jak\u00e9 probl\u00e9my lze v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b zranitelnost\u00ed o\u010dek\u00e1vat? <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Chyby zabezpe\u010den\u00ed v pluginech a \u0161ablon\u00e1ch WordPressu jsou probl\u00e9mem kv\u016fli potenci\u00e1ln\u00edm bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edm rizik\u016fm<\/strong>, kter\u00e1 p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u011bchto zranitelnost\u00ed mohou \u00fato\u010dn\u00edci jednodu\u0161e zneu\u017e\u00edt k z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu <\/strong>na webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky, vlo\u017een\u00ed \u0161kodliv\u00e9ho k\u00f3du<\/strong>, odcizen\u00ed <\/strong>citliv\u00fdch dat <\/strong>nebo k dal\u0161\u00edm ileg\u00e1ln\u00edm aktivit\u00e1m<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vzhledem k rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9mu pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed WordPressu na internetu lze tak\u00e9 o\u010dek\u00e1vat rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 napaden\u00ed <\/strong>web\u016f, kter\u00e1 jsou na denn\u00edm po\u0159\u00e1dku. Z toho d\u016fvodu je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed tato bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed rizika urychlen\u011b \u0159e\u0161it a co nejv\u00edce minimalizovat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u016fsledky \u0161patn\u011b zabezpe\u010den\u00e9ho webu<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Krom\u011b n\u00ed\u017ee zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch d\u016fsledk\u016f m\u016f\u017ee del\u0161\u00ed napaden\u00ed webu negativn\u011b ovlivnit indexaci a SEO cel\u00e9ho webu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n